the present study is to investigate and rank the types of personnel organizational commitment viewing demographic structure.  the research method is descriptive based onresearch planning, correlation in terms of method, and practical in terms of the goal. the statistical population includes 160 staffs and managers and based on decision-making table of krejcie and morgan containing 113 people. d...

A key limitation of existing research on the influence of family structure on child outcomes in cultures characterized by widespread polygamy is the implicit view of marriage as monolithic and by default monogamous. In the African context, there is the need to make a distinction between polygamous and monogamous mothers since these marital circumstances imply varying levels of parental support ...

BACKGROUND Over the past several decades the efforts to improve maternal survival and the consequent demand for accurate estimates of maternal mortality have increased. However, measuring maternal mortality remains a difficult task especially in developing countries with weak information systems. Sibling histories included in household surveys (most notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (D...

Although a surfeit of studies have examined the students’ attitude towards foreign and / or second language both inside and outside Iran, it seems scanty studies have been devoted to evaluate Prospect-trained students’ attitude towards English. This quantitative study investigated the students’ attitudes towards English language learning among 80 junior high school students in Ahvaz, Iran. Thes...

This study investigates the role of wealth in infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, hereafter (SSA). Using recent data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we document the differences that exit within urban and between urban and rural residents in Sub-Saharan Africa based on wealth. Our findings lead us to conclude that there is a statistical significant difference both within urban res...

The gender dimensions of spatial exclusion are important components of social marginalization and vulnerability. Transport infrastructure and services play a critical role in supporting mobility and access to basic services vital to achieving poverty reduction, gender equality, and sustainable development objectives. This paper explores how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology can su...